Article Analysis Week 1 Economics 365

Week One Article Analysis ECO/365 January 16, 2012 Week One Article Analysis David Colander defines economics as â€Å"the study of how human beings coordinate their wants and desires, given the decision-making mechanisms, social customs, and political realities of the society† (Colander, 2010, p. 4). Coordination in this definition refers to production content, method, recipients, and even quantity. To think like an economist one must analyze every situation by comparing the costs and benefits and make any decisions based on those findings (Colander, 2010). The study of microeconomics zeroes in on the individual and analyzes how economic forces affect the choices he or she makes. Economic forces will ensure that what people want and will pay to get will match what is available. This is the concept of supply and demand. If the prices are such that people are not willing to pay it to obtain an item or service, they will choose to buy less of it, not buy it, or buy a substitute. This is the working of the law of demand. The price affects both supply and demand. When prices increase, the demand decreases, and when prices decrease, the demand increases. In the law of supply, however, if prices increase, individuals and companies will increase the supply because the opportunity cost of not producing the product rises with the price (Colander, 2010). There are factors other than price that can lead to changes in supply as well as changes in demand. These could be government policies, taxes, income, social norms or expectations, political forces, tastes, and prices of other goods, to name a few. Four Steady Trends In the Harvard Business Review, Beinhocker, Davis, and Mendoca discuss 10 trends emerging in this economy. They consist of four trends that are steady, five that are accelerating, and one that is decelerating (Beinhocker, Davis, & Mendonca, 2009). The four steady trends can be summarized as a scarcity of resources, the science of management, the economic growth of Asia, and progress in technological innovation (Beinhocker et al. , 2009). Because of the recession investment in the production of oil has been limited, and the prices on that which is available has climbed steadily over the last few years. Water resources are also seeing a strain because of the growth in population, industrialization, and changes in climate. The use of advanced quantitative tools to make managerial decisions continues to be a steady trend. Companies will continue to make decisions through analytical methods using data and computing rather than gut instinct as research has proven it to be effective. Asian countries have shown significant growth in modern technology, industrial practices, and organizational methods. Although the current recession has slowed the economic growth in Asia, it has not stopped it, and they continue to show remarkable development within their economy. The final trend that remains steady in their outline is the use of research and development. Companies will continue to budget for research and development to improve upon processes and increase proficiency. The payoff for this practice is too large for companies to ignore. Five Accelerating Trends Beinhocker et al. (2009) determined the five trends that are accelerating as loss of trust in business, government involvement in business, changing consumer-spending habits, reshaping of industries, and an unstable price environment. Companies are concerned with the decline of trust citizens have expresses toward corporations. This type of environment can make doing business difficult and more expensive. It is more difficult for businesses to attract and retain customers and talent. It also can lead to negative publicity or even boycotts. Leaders in corporate America need to demonstrate their understanding of citizens’ concerns relating to high-level compensation within their organizations, and their treatment of staff facing layoffs, among other things. Government has begun playing a much larger role in businesses since the turn in the economy started. Policy makers are taking part in decision-making processes previously conducted by managers and officers on the board. As in the past, when government becomes involved it most likely will mean a permanent change in its role (Beinhocker, Davis, & Mendonca, 2009). The change in consumption patterns is due to the fact that the 80’s and 90’s saw high consumption by baby-boomers financing their purchases. As the recession began the boomers faced retirement buried nder large amounts of debt. This easily brought buying to a halt and with the aging population and depleted savings it will be a more slowly rise back to normal patterns. All industries are generally affected by a recession. The trend outlined here is that businesses will continue to reshape themselves during these times at an even higher rate. Taking advantage of opportunities that become present can reshape a busin ess’s competitive environment and give them an advantage in this economy. The final accelerated trend reviewed is the pattern of price instability. Over the past thirty years companies grew to expect an overall steady price environment. This is no longer the case. The article suggests that â€Å"rather than trying to accurately forecast inflation or deflation – an impossible task – companies should focus on how they might manage price instability† (Beinhocker et al. , 2009 p. 60). They recommend reviewing contracts with suppliers, wage agreements, policies on pricing, and hedging strategies to locate any dangers to the company in this area. Companies should make it a priority to refine their purchasing practices. The Single Decelerating Trend The final trend outlined in the article is the decelerating trend of globalization. Globalization seemed secure before the recession; however, some aspects of this trend are now questionable. Although the globalization of goods and services may slow for a period because of a decline in international trade and demand, it will not reverse entirely. The globalization of talent will also continue. Financial globalization is the area of most concern to strategists and is less likely to continue at its previous rate. It is suggested that companies test their business models under various globalization scenarios to uncover situations that may arise with tariffs, capital constraints, or restrictions on the movement of people. These are all very real possibilities outside of our country and help to explain the deceleration in the trend of globalization. References Beinhocker, E. , Davis, I. , & Mendonca, L. (2009, July). The 10 trends you have to watch. Harvard Business Review, 87(7/8), 55-60. Retrieved from http://www. hbr. org Colander, D. C. (2010). Economics (8th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Public Relation Core Values Essay

Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) has extremely important core ethical values that include advocacy, honesty, expertise, independence, loyalty, and fairness. All of which will help further a public relations practitioner in their career. Every practitioner handles every job differently, in a way thats going to benefit both the company they are working for as well as the public. Honesty should be the most important core value for every practitioner. Not only should it be the most important core value in the work field, it should also be the most important core value in everyones life as well. On the other hand, practitioners tend to ignore their core values while working. One of the biggest values they tend to ignore or overlook is fairness. Mark Twain once said, â€Å"Honesty is the best policy; when there is money in it. This quote should be every public relations practitioner motto because being honest will always lead you to conducting better business with clients. Clients want honest individuals working for them because the company expects the practitioner to represent the company in a way thats going to gain the publics trust. When the public has your trust, they are going to shop at your company rather than one who puts out false advertisement and has a poor look in the publics eyes. Not only does the quotes speak for itself, but honesty is simply the best way to conduct business. Some practitioners try their hardest to provide equally fair service to every client. Fairness is a core value that all practitioners respect but is hard to do at times. When dealing with clients, employers, peers,vendors, competitors, and most important the public, its hard to keep everyone happy. Lets say a practitioner is dealing directly with a company for the release of a new product. The company producing the item may not want competitors knowing about it so they can keep the technological edge on its competitors but also at the same time they want the public to hear about what’s new. Since they manage what information the public hears, its essential what they say. No matter what they say or don’t say, someones always going to want more. With that being said, someone’s not going to be happy. Life in general isn’t always fair, so when faced with a situation that can cause grey areas with others, do what you ethically think is the right thing.

Benefit Types and Services of Lakeland Police Department

The duty of the Lakeland Police Department is to ensure peace and order as well as to enhance the standard of living of the citizens they serve. They are committed to the values of respect, integrity, teamwork and excellence. Theirs is the immense responsibility of being a protector to countless lives while endangering themselves in the process. Putting themselves in line, making themselves their last priority is their belief. Benefits One of the benefits that an officer accumulates is a life insurance.In case of an officer’s death, financial support will be given to his loved ones, to be more specific it can be his children, spouse or relatives. It is to ensure that once he disintegrated on this earth, his loved ones can enjoy the fund as a form of compensation. Another type of benefit is the medical fee. In case an officer is injured, pharmaceuticals, hospital rooms, physician fees and fee for a surgeon are available. Dentals may or may not be included it all depends on the arrangements. This type of benefit, with their jobs as an officer may be the most used one of all.Once an officer is retired he can enjoy the fruits of his years of labor by means of a retirement fee. It is to guarantee that he can still receive funds without having to work and he will have a means a capital in case he wants to forego on a particular business. In their hazardous job, it is bound that one is to suffer from a disability while ensuring the safety of others. A disability benefit is in order so that it can perform as an income replacement in case an officer cannot perform his duties anymore.It is also subdivided into two types, the long term and the short term disability benefits. Another type of classification is the paid time off benefit where he can still earn income while spending his holidays with family, suffering from sickness or enjoying a vacation. The Services Apart from protecting civilians, the Lakeland Police Department offers a lot of services to their citi zens in accordance with their mission and vision. First they give vital information on how to protect homes, oneself, children and neighbors from being a victim of a crime.They visit public and private, knocking in houses, distributing leaflets, posting in posters and the like that contains the necessary precautions needed. They host in awareness programs on the unsafe places like railroad crossings to prevent unnecessary accidents. They also attend vigils for the diseased, held programs for street children and orphans as well as distribute awards for the outstanding performances of certain individuals. The one they held in December 2007 was entitled â€Å"Do the Right Thing† award that was given to 5 children in Lakeland.In addition, they ensure the health of the citizens by providing first aid for minor injuries, rescue squad support for emergency situations, immunization, literature on health issues, semi-annual tuberculosis screening program, confidential blood pressure a nd weight screening and they provide information on community and health programs including a low-cost student health insurance plan designed for Lakeland students. They patrol on communities, make the necessary traffic controls and gives room for lost and found properties.They give importance to children by establishing Juvenile programs that is targetted to make them happy and healthy youth of the nation. Lakeland Police Department is not only intent punishing law-offenders but also to make sure that the visctims of such crime is safe, menatlly and hysically. They created programs to help them in making a new, if not a better life. It is through these services that mekes Lakeland Police Department become indespensible to the community and the people of Lakeland. References www. insidelakelandpd. org

Leadership Vision and Strategic Direction Coursework

Leadership Vision and Strategic Direction - Coursework Example The researcher states that for overall organizational growth, the company and its leaders must bear in mind the hardships that come with long-term visions, resulting from the existence of uncertainty in the future. In his article, Brecken acknowledges the presence of ambiguity in all visions that dwell on the organization’s future. He states that there lies a lot of vagueness that hampers the leaders’ will to set long-term organizational goals, due to the fear that they may not achieve it owing to the changing environment. Such fears may be in some way considered helpful but largely amount to organizational failure. In the article, the author acknowledges the existence of these fears and their role in the organization. Brecken states, â€Å"But what will the future hold for those who fail to consider it?†. The question proves that the author considers the ambiguity of the future and helps the reader to use it for his or her gain. With the anticipation that change s can occur in the future, leaders can set their priorities right to maximize productivity. Management consultants posit that leaders assume a critical role in a company's development. It is their anticipation of the company’s growth that results in the achievement of the set objectives. Without the leader’s vision for the organization, the possibility of failure and lack of goal achievement is extremely high, therefore holding a dangerous future for the organization. Brecken focuses on the need for a visionary leader in an organization prospecting to succeed in the future. The leader is the pillar of the organization, and his or her view of the company is possibly its reflection in the upcoming. A futurist leader, therefore, holds the company’s vision in place and ensures that all the employees steer their efforts towards goal achievement within the set time range.

Is History an art, a science or a craft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Is History an art, a science or a craft - Essay Example Cosmic, organic history and geologic developments are some of the events that are considered part of (human) history1. Meaning of art An art on the other hand is a study of creative skill or the study of a collection of disciplines which produce artworks which are driven by personal drive, in order to convey mood, a message or symbolism, for the viewer to analyse and interpret. Arts stimulate an individual’s emotions, thoughts, ideas and beliefs through the senses2. Meaning of science The phrase science derives its origin from the Latin phrase, scentia, meaning knowledge. As such, the phrase denotes science as a study of a systematic field of study which compiles and organises knowledge in the form of verifiable explanations and predictions concerning the universe and the life forms therein. Derry3 explains how classical qualifications such as the one passed by Aristotle conversely makes science the study of the body of reliable knowledge, or the study of knowledge which are r ationally and logically explainable. ... This may also involve the collection and transmission of knowledge about a craft. Because of this, guilds are inclusive of skilled amateurs, professional artisans and even beginners who may harbour specific interests in a given craft. There are series of tests to evaluate skills and provide frameworks for training new crafters. There has been a lack of consensus regarding the classification of crafts, with some academicians placing crafts as a hybrid between art and science, given that art relies on technique and talent, and science, knowledge4. How history ties in with the definitions above Interestingly enough, it is a matter of striking uniqueness that history ties with the definitions that have been advanced above. For one, one can see history as being tied to art since art is the study of creative skill or the study of a collection of disciplines which produce artworks which are driven by personal drive. The applicability of this standpoint to history is underscored by the fact that the creative skill mentioned above is critical for a historian to imagine a hypothetical problem, before he goes ahead to solve that specific problem by testing it. For instance, if a historian wants to establish the applicability and future of state competitiveness in international relations (as is envisioned in the theory of realism), then that academician my have to revisit the era between 1787 and 1990. This is because, it is in 1787 that the French Revolution took place, and thereby sparking the need for the Concert of Europe. The politics of Europe in turn triggered the World War I and II, before catalyasing the emergence of the Cold War. The definition of science partly qualifies history, given that science

The Historical Development of the Educational System of Tanzania And Essay

The Historical Development of the Educational System of Tanzania And How It Works Today - Essay Example This essay stresses that after the Second World War, the British initiated the capitalist movement in the hope that mass education would stimulate the community development. Literacy provided was only to the extent that farming would increase. Post independence, the situation changed to a great deal, in which Julius Nyerere had a very significant role to play. This essay would examine the changes in the educational system, the contribution of Nyerere, the positive and negative aspects of Swahili, and the importance of English in the Tanzania educational system. This paper makes a conclusion that private investment is necessary to foster a learning environment which would help in imparting both knowledge and technology. Even it is the agricultural sector, advanced technology can help reap the maximum benefits. The education sector has hitherto suffered due to poor resource allocation. External finance would be required to cover the shortfalls that would enable the government to fulfil its goals. The World Bank, the EU, the Netherlands, SIDA, JICA, Ireland Aid, GTZ, Finland, Norway, and CIDA are all contributing to the primary education sub-sector (Riddell). What is required is the recruitment and upgradation of teachers, trained administrative and financial managers to run the school, and empowerment of school committees. Complementary basic education today functions to absorb the absorb the out-of-school, over-age children but its role has to be enhanced.

Visual Depictions of Bodies in Nazi Ideology Term Paper

Visual Depictions of Bodies in Nazi Ideology - Term Paper Example The physical effects of starvation of the body include body wasting, susceptibility to disease and eventually death. Starvation physically transforms its victims. Jews were the victims of Nazis food policies. If a body is starved, it will compensate for lack of calorie intake by consuming body fat. Bodies experience rapid weight loss where even their clothing becomes too big for their bodies. One of the articles which record the effects of starvation to bodies of the Jews was Oskar Rosenfeld Ghetto diaries. However, a sign of physical transformation of ghetto inhabitants was an advertisement recorded in the chronicle stating, â€Å"Men’s Collars Taken in a barber shop at 13 Lutomierska Street†. In his Ghetto diaries, Rosenfeld further observed that in the beginning, the abdomen gets loose and eventually sags. A description of victims of starvation in the Divine Comedy as quoted by Piero Camporesi in his work Bread of Dreams similarly took note of the sagging, empty stom ach of the starving further observing how on victims of hunger, â€Å"The flesh becomes thin, and remains attached to the bones like a spider-web.† The Nazis were aware of the murderous effects of their food policies, and they allowed those policies to continue, resulting in the mass execution of the Jews in the ghettos. Nazi ideologues including Himmler, food distribution bureaucrats, regular and special police, among others all played a role in implementing the slow process of extermination of the Jewish people through man-made famine.

Mine kafon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mine kafon - Essay Example The mine detector has three major parts; the nucleus where the GPS tracking chip and all the other parts of Mine Kafon are attached. The legs are made using strong bamboo sticks and at the base the feet are attached. The feet are made using biodegradable plastic material and are designed to be heavy enough to tramp on landmines and also light enough to get the propulsion. The core of Mine Kafon is made using 17 kilogram iron casing, and is surrounded by several protruding bamboo legs. The core carries a GPS tracking unit equipped with a GPS chip used for tracking the mine detector. The GPS chip can be remotely controlled using mobile applications and hence a GPS map can be drawn to trace the path of minefields. The GPS data can be downloaded in real-time or accessed online. The data can be used to map the areas that have been cleared of landmines by the device. The legs act as the locomotion unit of Mine Kafon. The legs are made using strong bamboo sticks which are around one meter in length. The legs are attached to the core and act as a link between the feet and the core. The tip of the bamboo is slightly reduced to allow a perfect fit with the foot. The choice of material was made after considering the strength characteristics of bamboo and the weight properties. The feet also add weight to the mine detector, and are spaced in a manner that will enable air to blow through the inside of the feet, therefore enabling propulsion. With each detonation, Mine Kafon loses a few legs, like one or two and therefore under normal working conditions, the device will be able to destroy three or four landmines in a single journey. The feet form the most important part of Mine Kafon. It provides the suspension mechanism that enables the device to roll over rough terrain. The entire weight of the landmine detonator is about eighty kilograms, heavy enough to detonate a landmine. The foot is

Critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Critical analysis - Essay Example h her implications that our generation today is self-absorbed, less committed than the previous generation whose capacity for love has shrink and withered as we wait for the perfect one to come along (196). For many generations, women have been forced by society to conform to sets of norms. Even in this present generation, many people still believe that women need to get married and have children to be complete. As Crittenden kindly put it "A woman will not understand what true dependency is until she is cradling her own infant in her arms; nor will she lively achieve the self-confidence she craves until she has withstood, and transcended, the weight of responsibility a family places upon her – a weight that makes all the paperwork and assignments of her in-basket seen feather-light (976)." Yes, motherhood is a big responsibility and caring for a family is something that should never be taken lightly by any woman or even by a man for than matter but the point is, womanhood is not just about making babies and caring for the family. Such idea is too simplistic. Its like putting a woman inside a box and limiting her potentials and capacities. The sense of wisdom and maturity does n ot only come when woman gets married and have children of her own. The author may not be aware of it but a lot of women and men for that matter get married, have children but never really grow up both emotionally and mentally. Growing up should never be tied to the idea of marriage and having children. We are not cows that are grown so that they can breed when they reach maturity. We are human beings and we a have a choice when it comes to these things. Another thing that the author failed to mention here is that marriage is not a means to and end. You do not get married to grow up, to be become more responsible, to be "stronger" or to be happy as the author would like to believe. Besides, a lot of people who are married are not happy at all. Just look at the staggering divorce rate that

Wireless networking Essay Example for Free

Wireless networking Essay With the current application of 802.11b wireless solution Highbrow Ed is using, hot spots are inefficient for application delivery, and to manage the bandwidth they will need for the collaboration and expansion required in the future. An upgrade to an optimized Wireless LAN (WLAN) architecture will solve all of their business needs. While an 802.11b/g model for wireless networking using a traditional centralized WLAN switch might work, this solution is very expensive and has several limitations. This type of model is prone to inefficient application delivery, performance bottlenecking, and having a single point of failure depending on the health of the centralized WLAN switch. Upgrading to an optimized WLAN architecture, using 802.11n technology, provides Highbrow Ed with a scalable, efficient, high-performing wireless network. An optimized WLAN architecture combines the advantages of central management and addresses the limitations of having a central wireless switch. Optimized WLAN consists of intelligent Access Points (Aps) and a WLAN controller. The APs forward traffic and enforce security and prioritization policies, while the WLAN controller centrally manages and controls all APs. The APs dispatch all traffic directly from source to destination without requiring a detour to the controller. The optimized WLAN architecture, with its distributed traffic forwarding, will not require Highbrow Ed to significantly change their LAN backbone. Highbrow Ed will need to upgrade their WLAN infrastructure to migrate from the 802.11b network to 802.11n network. However, Highbrow Ed will see an increase in productivity and enhanced collaboration solutions. The conversion to the 802.11n architecture will increase their area of coverage for the campus both in the structures and outdoors. 802.11n boosts network capacity and speed up to 600Mbps, and supports voice and data transfers.

Stereotypical Roles And The Effects On Society Media Essay

Stereotypical Roles And The Effects On Society Media Essay Gender is a societal construct of the roles of men and women in the society. According to Asher and Lloyd, (2002), gender stereotype refers to the beliefs people hold about members of categories of men and women. Gender role are described by social scientists as socially constructed, which they vary from one culture to another. It all depends on how we are socialized in different cultures since childhood and who we interact with that defines our gender role. Most social upbringings present women as the weaker sex who needs to be protected and to just stay at home. Men on the other hand are seen as the bread winners and that they work to provide and to protect their families. Both men and women perceive the world differently according to how they are socialized. Beliefs regarding appropriate behavior also influence how men and women interact. Television has however enhanced stereotypical role in that they portray a good woman as the one who is submissive and domesticated. Femininity therefore is associated with traits that are emotional, prudent, co-operative, having communal sense and compliance to certain aspects. Television portrays women as emotional beings and that they talk more than the men. Men as per the media are suppose to demonstrate their power and authority during interaction thus they tend to dominate during conversations. Men on the other hand are portrayed as concerned with report aspects that are based on facts thus using different communication styles from women. Even within a culture masculinity and femininity may be defined differently by various groups, in particular according to ethnicity, age, social class and sexuality. In this sense there is no single masculinity or femininity, but rather multiple masculinities and femininities. Not all men are leader like, aggressive, assertive, independent, risk-taking and so on; and not all women are affectionate, gentle, sympathetic, dependent, emotional, nurturing etc. Such qualities are found in varying degrees in most people (Curran Michael.eds., 1991) They continue to argue that all men and women are aware of the cultural traditional gender stereotypes and the television network contributes to this awareness. Men will usually seek achievement and dominance in cultural expectations and that women will be with complaints and be supportive. The relationship of people to these expectations often involves tension that usually boils up. This categorization thus influences our perception and teaches us how society wants us to behave as men and women. Both men and women do the same role nowadays for example they go to work in the morning and return in the evening just like the men do. It is therefore paramount that all these stereotypes portrayed by the television are countered so that both men and women see each other as equals and that they can do the same jobs regardless of their gender. DeFleur defines socialization as a complex, long-term, and multidimensional set of communicative exchanges between individuals and various agents of society that result in the individuals preparation for life in a socio cultural environment (DeFleur, 209). According to Max Weber a German sociologist, sociology is the study of society social sciences which aimed at developing and refine a body of knowledge about human social living through critical investigation and analysis with the aim of applying gathered knowledge to the pursuit of social welfare. (Wilson, 1989) The essence of education in society has influenced the way in which cultural communities associate, in television there different target of audience and the messages portrayed are passed frequently either by male or female. Most of business advertisements uses both sex ads depending on the product they want to create awareness and likeability e.g. a company which sale motor vehicles will likely use men to pass the message while various companies that deals with body lotions or domestic products are likely to use women. However occupations equivalence is now based on education merit and professional ability to handle critical task. This helps to brainstorm working in the society where women too can do most professional jobs as their male counterparts. In recent years there has been a notable increase of women presenters and perhaps the attribute of physical attractiveness has played a huge part in their selection than for their male counterparts. The effects of gender stereotyping in todays society Greater societies have adopted gender etiquette due to political, social and economic human rights mostly communicated via the television, this role is relevant to household for well being of the society in general. Through educative programs, television is the most realistic mode of communication. Television still perpetuate traditional gender because it reflects social values, However, television shows a small, distorted view of reality, which can damage peoples views of the real world, and this can influence how people think and behave. Television has always been a male dominated area based on masculinity perspective and implicit narratives judgments. However, there are other theoretical considerations, criticisms and assumptions that arise from the cultivation theory, and which are mainly addressed in the work of Huston and Wright. Cultivation theory needs to rely on other approaches such as the influence of the family, the childs cognitive development, the amount and most import antly the type of television the child watches; this is to fully understand the socialization development. Results In the todays media fraternity departments, (e.g. television production) is highly male dominated which is influenced by stereotypes with the aspect of masculinity. However females will soon move to such technical areas due to advancement of technology whereby portable production equipments can be handled by women. Professionalism has created a balance race on job specifications curbing bias. Television alone is not enough to change people gender roles, it is vital that role models contribute broader perspective on stereotypes about what both sexes can do. ( Joyrich, 1996) To various communities watching television can be quite awful especially to little children who watch much of television, most a time can lead to complications in change of behavior, e.g. crying and other violent or excessive aggressiveness, which probably can be due to the programs which kids sees that might be violent. Statistics Research contacted by reality TV, American idol, attached over 50% market share indicating that over 50 % of television viewers watched the show, reality TVs watched all over the world and UK 2000 70% of population watched of ages 8-65+ have watch TV regularly, and Methodology The research will be conducted using primary and secondary methods, the questionnaires for data collection externally. The questionnaire will have both open-ended and closed-ended questions, this are aimed at explaining the way in which television portrays adult gender stereotypical roles and the effects this may have on todays society. Questionnaires will be advantageous to the researcher while collecting data because less time will be spent. The method will allow the researcher to collect data from the large number of respondents quickly. In addition, the respondents will have enough time to read and understand the questions before answering them. Content analysis will also be used to analyze the number of viewers and listeners based on frequency at which stereotypical roles are aired on television. This will be analyzed by stating who says what, to whom, why, to what extend and with what effect. Desk research will be collected from various books, magazines, social journals, intern et to corroborate the findings from the field. Data Analysis The data will be analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics with the support of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). (Nachmias Guerrerro, 1996). It says that descriptive statistics has an advantage to the researcher because it allows a researcher to organize information in an effective way and also allows information to be reduced to an understandable form. The descriptive statistics to be used will include simple tallying procedures such as frequency distributions, pie chart, bar graphs and histograms. Conclusion Television has contributed to shaping gender roles. The society has in one effect due to cultural norms streamlined the possibility that women can also work competently and there is no doubt that television is a vital tool that presents powerful attention and mind grabbing images and programs, however the anchors gender should always be balanced and not based on cultural beliefs rather profession ability to handle the task. Television today is proofing to be one of the most important and most considered medium of communication. Media has an impact in bringing change to the society, e.g. through television mass audiences get to share a variety of identical experience, socialize and others create business opportunities. Television is a set to observe positive successful ideologies and probably assume it is one source in which the society should adopt change.

What Does Education Mean to You? Reflective Piece

What Does Education Mean to You? Reflective Piece Education, in my opinion, is something that has an enormous scope. It does not only covers academics, but also every aspect of a persons character and mentality. For instance, a man, with moral integrity, even without education academically wise, may be someone yearned for in the society but a man, equipped with just academic excellence may become a pest in the society. Those who think of education narrowly would presume that all of it is just about studying and achieving good academic results. Education is wide and to me, it is the thing that makes me alive. Since young, my parents mould my character and attitude. In school, teachers educate me academically and aid me in my character development. Stepping into the outside world, my experiences educate me every moment. In my point of view, Singapores education is generally fine However, in early stages of academic education, it seems to focus way too much on books and examinations. This sets the mentality of academic education slightly haywire in the young minds. They may think that cooping themselves up in a room studying is the only way to be first in academics. To me, education is way much more than simply just sitting in a classroom and reading textbooks. It is about experiencing the world, discovering and learning through different ways. Education in academics should not be based on conformity. For instance, learning mathematics is one which does not stimulate creativity in students mind. The steps needed to solve a question are actually similar throughout every other questions of its same topic. This may result in students having apathy towards such subjects as it is nearly all repetitive. Prior to this, I think that a new subject could be introduced into secondary school curriculum to help students develop much better academically and that is critical and creative thinking skills. This subject would get students to think unconventionally and look at questions from different perspective, allowing them to reach a new level of innovativeness, problem-solving and mind philosophy. A university degree will give people a competitive edge in the workforce and it is only achievable by education. However, in this fast-changing world of ours, even with a degree, one may still be losing out to others. This is because these degree-holders may be held onto their conventional way of thinking while others, even those with lower academic qualifications, have proceed far ahead with their creativity. Increasingly, employers want employees who are creative problem-solvers. Problems creep up in the workplace everyday, particularly regarding customer service. Employees need to be able to think on their feet and must be willing to try fresh approaches to solving problems. Cited from a website, this is something that I absolutely agree with. This aspect of employee is extreme important to an employer as it will prevent their business from stagnating. Hence, the demand for creative talents has escalated immensely. Despite that, it is important to have good attitude and moral integrity in order to be wanted by employers. This is something that academic education by a teacher is unable to achieve. In educating one in his attitude and character, the teacher is himself. Often, it is extremely difficult for someone else to drill in these characteristics into him though they still do play a small part in aiding his character development. In this day, our academic education system has become an instrument for one to earn a livelihood and climb the corporate ladder. The objective has shifted drastically from all-rounded education to making the student more viable in the job market at the shortest time possible. It is more emphasized on mere textbook knowledge rather than overall development of student. Thus, creativity, veracity and social values have been lost in this transformation. In conclusion, complete education is something that helps one in utilizing ones senses confidently and innovatively. Good education would be one that aids the learner in differentiating right from wrong, making the accurate choice and transcending the boundary of conformity. Self-discipline is a trait that only complete education can impart and it is of upmost importance to anyone who wants to become someone great one day.

The Truman Show Essay -- essays research papers

The Truman Show is a movie about a man who is held captive inside a world that revolves around him. Truman Burbank, the main character has been raised on a huge TV Soundstage filled with hidden cameras and actors who pretend to be his friends and family. This world is one where he is literally trapped in his own life by the surreal existence in which he has been forced to spend every day of his thirty years. Since the day he was born Truman Burbank's life was controlled from a huge control panel in the sky; controlled by a manipulation of how life should be, in a perfect world. At the hands of such manipulators we see how the role of media in our world persuades us into living in a way that we would otherwise not intend to. It is quite often oblivious to all of us, the effect that media has on us. However, where ever we look the effects of media have altered the coarse of living. The clothes we wear, the sports we play, the music we listen to and our political opinions, are all aspects that are influenced by the media. Advertising is the chief culprit in many cases. We often see others responding to the effects of media whether it is consciously or subconsciously. As victims of commercialism, we then respond to those who have been effected by media. An example of this is the clothes that we wear. We see people on television and else where, looking trendy and we respond to it by going out and aiming to look the same way, therefore buying the clothes. There are many devices...

Censoring Our Students :: Argumentative, Legal Issues, Social Issues

â€Å"Students do not shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gates.† --Justice William Brennan For many years it has been debated whether students have the same amendment rights as any other person in the world. Many would say that they do not. They would say that by taking away those state given rights they are protecting the students from being exposed to negative things. Unfortunately the only thing that is being accomplished by this overprotection is the lack of understanding of the world they will soon be facing. â€Å"Why not stand firm as a public institution that expresses and explores the complex range of human experiences? Why be diplomatic and apologetic about the fact that we do not shy away from difficult, challenging, and complex topics? (Durbin)† There isn’t a more appropriate statement. Why not stand firm? Prepare students for the real world. Teach them how to survive. By censoring out issues or only allowing limited discussions of high profile topics, students are not being exposed to life skills that are crucial to the real world. Therefore setting them up for failure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American public schools, for many years, have been faced with the problem of censorship. Many such problems have been fostered by groups who question the use of instructional materials that do not meet their moral, religious, political, cultural, or ethic values (Sherrow 38). By censoring topics such as homosexuality, religion, sex, racial issues, and other taboo topics it is not allowing the growth and expansion of student’s minds.

Integrative Network Design Project Essay

Kudler Fine Foods was first founded by Kathy Kudler in La Jolla, California. It has expanded to two more locations, Del Mar, California, and Encinitas, California. The stores are generally spaced, about 8,000 sq ft, and have imported and domestic foods, including Fresh Bakery & Pastries, Fresh Produce, Fresh Meat & Seafood, Condiments & Packaged foods as well as Cheese and other dairy products. Kudler wants to see their company grow by upgrading their communications systems and making it wireless. The wireless technology upgrade will allow the company to have a better way of communicating between the stores as well as to the employees and customers . Network Overview With only three stores, their company is structured with only a few departments: Administration, consisting of Finance & Accounting, Sales & Marketing, Human Resources, Operations, and Information Technology. With only three locations, Kudler does not need an extensive organization. They currently have a Bus Topology implemented that does not allow the stores to communicate with each other. The networks are separate and if a network server goes down, there are not any backups or securities set up. The ability to communicate wirelessly will give Kudler some mobility and will allow the locations to be centralized. The La Jolla and Del Mar locations each have a Novel 4.11 Server for POS as well as a UPS-Standalone tower, a bublejet printer, and a 56k modem. Their six computers are hooked up to a 10.1.50.0 Ethernet Network and all systems use the Ethernet Network to hook on to the Internet. The Encinitas location has a Novell 4.11 Server for POS as well. Their location is a bit smaller with only three computers. Their network includes a 56k modem and Internet. A major part of the upgrade will consist of sales kiosks to have new computers with wireless networking capability. They will also include anti-virus software to protect client information from being attacked by viruses or worms. These new kiosks will also all communications to happen at a faster rate between the checkout stands to the inventory system. Employees will be able to check inventory and prices in real time. The rollout of the new system will need to happen in a series of phases. The first phase must be the layout of the rollout. Meetings will have to take place between the owners and the designer to make sure the standards are being met. The second phase will be the installation  of the network. The third phase will consist of testing the system and the security as well as training all employees and owners on the system. The third phase is extremely important in order for guidelines and rules to be established from the beginning. Once it has been tested and ready for implantation, the new system will go out in the fourth phase. The fourth phase will also include removing the old system. System maintenance will be included to ensure that the system runs smoothly.

Communication Ia

INTRODUCTION For this Portfolio, the theme I chose was ‘Peer Pressure in Sport'. Even though Peer Pressure is a broad topic, personally, I chose this theme because of my observations and experiences developed due to my involvement in sports and with other athletes. This topic can assist my academic background by showing me how to deal with people. It can also help me with my future career of being a professional rugby player where I can learn to cope and deal with issues that may come my way. This theme would be portrayed in a short dialogue where it would be analyzed and discussed.A dialogue about a group of youths who are given an opportunity to show their talent where only seven players were needed. This caused a player to stop the sport because he wasn't chosen. This genre was chosen because in my view, the theme was placed in a context where the reader can read and understand the points that would be brought forward without having to read between the lines. For my Exposito ry, the Primary Source that would be used is a Questionnaire and the Secondary Source would be a website, www. bbc. com. These sources would assist my investigation and my research question. PREFACEPeer Pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group or an individual, encouraging other individuals to change their attitudes, values or behaviors in order to conform to group norms. This reflective is exhibited in as a dialogue because I believe that readers may better understand the concept when placed in a real life situation. This piece shows a group of teenagers from around the neighborhood, mainly footballers, who are subjected to pick their best six players and a keeper for a tournament. The setting of the dramatic piece is taken in a neighborhood.This piece was produced and intended for a teenage audience who participate in sport activities or teenagers who watch sports. The type of language used in the reflective would allow them relate to the situation and also allow a little comic relief. This piece is expected to target the specified audience because of the negative and positive impacts on youths. They can also relate to experiencing or observing this type of situation or one similar in any sport they play or that they would like to play. This dialogue can be used at a school or at a presentation amongst teenage athletes.This would allow them REFLECTIVE Scene 1 This scene begins on the corner of Tern Drive. This occurs in the evening time when the youths of the neighborhood usually come out their houses to hang out. Kerry: Wah going on fellas? Wats d vybz. Jody: I’m alright and you? Keevyn: I just dey for d while. Curtis: Wats the plan tonight fellas? Sweat awa? Brian: Yeah, I for dat. Allyuh hadda call out d rest ah them though. Five ah we cyah sweat alone. Kerry: Yeah boi Keevyn. You have d bike so start pedaling cuz I not walking. We would meet ur on d field. Keevyn: Steupzz, always doing me this yes.Waheva, I would meet allyuh on d field. ( Everyone departs, Keevyn on his bike to call out the others and the rest walking away to the field. ) Scene 2 On the field the friendly game of football begins. It goes on for a while, while other guys appear to partake in the custom. An unknown man also appears to watch the game. After a shot was taken wide of the goal he calls in everyone. Mr. Mac: Youths Come! Come! May I have a few seconds of your playing time? Kerry: Wam pops, what you want? I hope is not any Jehovah witness thing. (Everyone laughs) Mr. Mac: No , my name is Mr.Mac I want to place an offer for you young footballers. Curtis: Well hurry up. Talk fast cuz d lights does come off ten. Mr. Mac: I am hosting a tournament in the indoor facility in Chaguanas. It is six and a keeper tournament but it’s only one more side I need. So choose your best six and let me know. The prize is $6,000. 00 and free to enter. (They all become enthusiastic about it and start talking amongst themselves. ) Kerry: Aite fellas. All ah we look interested, so we for it. Jody: Well I guess Keevyn would be the goalkeeper because he is very good in the goal post.Keevyn: Waheva, don’t matter to me. Just choose a good side cuz if I get more than 3 I walking off. Kerry: Aite, the side is me, Keevyn, Curtis, Jody, Brian, Beans and Muscle Frog. Che: So what bout me? I way better dan Beans. He is rel filth and he rel slow. Brian: Nah Che. Beans having ting. He is a good playmaker. He could reach rel far dawg. You on the other hand should stop play football on a whole. Imagine you on d reserve side for Couva Sec. relax dawg. Khellon: (laughing scandalously) You have one seta cricketers starting before you. Best you really stop yes. Che: Steupzz forget allyuh boy dan.I going home. That why allyuh not going to win anything. (Che walks off very angrily talking to himself and kicking the floor. ) Mr. Mac: OK. Enough with that petty squabble. Here is my card, (He hands Kerry the card) and you can call me to register the n ames of the players you have chosen. I have some more pressing matters to attend to so my time is short. Good Bye for now. (Mr. Mac makes his departure and the boys go back to play football. ) Scene 3 The team they carried to the tournament won it and some of the players were scouted for Pro League teams.They all came out to have their evening sweat a week after for the first time since the tournament. They sent Keevyn to call out the rest of players. Keevyn: Che! Che! Afternoon! Sweat boi. (Che walks outside to his gate) Che: Nah boi, me and football is not no friend again. I realize allyuh men was talking sense last time so forget it. Keevyn: (laughs softly) You serious dan. Waheva dawgie you do your ting. Che: Yea boi allyuh is rel fake friend. (Che walks back inside his house while Keevyn rides away to call out the rest of the players. (Keevyn reaches the field already sweating to meet some of the guys juggling the ball. ) Keevyn: Eh allyuh know d youth man really stop play foot ball. Jody: Who are you talking about? Keevyn: Che boi! D man say we was telling d truth when Mr. Mac was here. So he really stops play football. Kerry: (With a puzzled look on his face) Hmm. He cyah be serious. Waheva yes. Forget bout he. If he cyah take talk, football is really not for him. Jody: So are we going to stand and talk for the rest of the night or play football? Everyone realizes then run unto the field to begin the match. ) ANALYTICAL This analysis is written to show the different aspects of communication. The genre of work that would be analyzed is a dramatic piece. The aspects of communication that would ensure a proper analysis are the registers used and the dialectal variations exhibited. The reflective was written to give off a comedic effect to try to keep the intended audience alert and not bore them, but also put across the points that were needed to show them situation at hand.It was also written presupposing that the readers have encountered or will encounter experiences to which they can relate and base their discernment upon the devices employed in the piece. Throughout the piece, an informal register was used amongst the youths of the neighborhood. This can be shown because of the types of slangs used. Register is the kind of language used that is appropriate to a particular context or situation. For example â€Å"Wah going on fellas? Wats d vybz? † This type of language was used because of how they have been friends for a great period of time and that they play football together.However, a more formal tone is exchanged between Mr. Mac and the youths, e. g. â€Å": Youths Come! Come! May I have a few seconds of your playing time? †. This level of formality is due to the fact that Mr. Mac was meeting them for the first time. Mr. Mac and Jody are the only two characters who spoke Standard English and applying the acrolect variation. Mr. Mac’s use of the language may have been because of his social status or that he wanted to sound as if he actually does have status to promote his tournament. It may have also been because he was well educated.Jody, however, may have just grown up in an environment where the language he speaks is favored more, seeing that he speaks the language even in an informal setting. The rest of the characters spoke a more basilect variation of the language. This may have been because of the setting and that they are comfortable with the language they speak or that they came from a lower class. Many of the youth’s speech contained typical creole structure such as the replacement of the ‘th’ with the ‘d’ as shown in the example â€Å"Eh allyuh know d youth man.. †. Communication Ia INTRODUCTION For this Portfolio, the theme I chose was ‘Peer Pressure in Sport'. Even though Peer Pressure is a broad topic, personally, I chose this theme because of my observations and experiences developed due to my involvement in sports and with other athletes. This topic can assist my academic background by showing me how to deal with people. It can also help me with my future career of being a professional rugby player where I can learn to cope and deal with issues that may come my way. This theme would be portrayed in a short dialogue where it would be analyzed and discussed.A dialogue about a group of youths who are given an opportunity to show their talent where only seven players were needed. This caused a player to stop the sport because he wasn't chosen. This genre was chosen because in my view, the theme was placed in a context where the reader can read and understand the points that would be brought forward without having to read between the lines. For my Exposito ry, the Primary Source that would be used is a Questionnaire and the Secondary Source would be a website, www. bbc. com. These sources would assist my investigation and my research question. PREFACEPeer Pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group or an individual, encouraging other individuals to change their attitudes, values or behaviors in order to conform to group norms. This reflective is exhibited in as a dialogue because I believe that readers may better understand the concept when placed in a real life situation. This piece shows a group of teenagers from around the neighborhood, mainly footballers, who are subjected to pick their best six players and a keeper for a tournament. The setting of the dramatic piece is taken in a neighborhood.This piece was produced and intended for a teenage audience who participate in sport activities or teenagers who watch sports. The type of language used in the reflective would allow them relate to the situation and also allow a little comic relief. This piece is expected to target the specified audience because of the negative and positive impacts on youths. They can also relate to experiencing or observing this type of situation or one similar in any sport they play or that they would like to play. This dialogue can be used at a school or at a presentation amongst teenage athletes.This would allow them REFLECTIVE Scene 1 This scene begins on the corner of Tern Drive. This occurs in the evening time when the youths of the neighborhood usually come out their houses to hang out. Kerry: Wah going on fellas? Wats d vybz. Jody: I’m alright and you? Keevyn: I just dey for d while. Curtis: Wats the plan tonight fellas? Sweat awa? Brian: Yeah, I for dat. Allyuh hadda call out d rest ah them though. Five ah we cyah sweat alone. Kerry: Yeah boi Keevyn. You have d bike so start pedaling cuz I not walking. We would meet ur on d field. Keevyn: Steupzz, always doing me this yes.Waheva, I would meet allyuh on d field. ( Everyone departs, Keevyn on his bike to call out the others and the rest walking away to the field. ) Scene 2 On the field the friendly game of football begins. It goes on for a while, while other guys appear to partake in the custom. An unknown man also appears to watch the game. After a shot was taken wide of the goal he calls in everyone. Mr. Mac: Youths Come! Come! May I have a few seconds of your playing time? Kerry: Wam pops, what you want? I hope is not any Jehovah witness thing. (Everyone laughs) Mr. Mac: No , my name is Mr.Mac I want to place an offer for you young footballers. Curtis: Well hurry up. Talk fast cuz d lights does come off ten. Mr. Mac: I am hosting a tournament in the indoor facility in Chaguanas. It is six and a keeper tournament but it’s only one more side I need. So choose your best six and let me know. The prize is $6,000. 00 and free to enter. (They all become enthusiastic about it and start talking amongst themselves. ) Kerry: Aite fellas. All ah we look interested, so we for it. Jody: Well I guess Keevyn would be the goalkeeper because he is very good in the goal post.Keevyn: Waheva, don’t matter to me. Just choose a good side cuz if I get more than 3 I walking off. Kerry: Aite, the side is me, Keevyn, Curtis, Jody, Brian, Beans and Muscle Frog. Che: So what bout me? I way better dan Beans. He is rel filth and he rel slow. Brian: Nah Che. Beans having ting. He is a good playmaker. He could reach rel far dawg. You on the other hand should stop play football on a whole. Imagine you on d reserve side for Couva Sec. relax dawg. Khellon: (laughing scandalously) You have one seta cricketers starting before you. Best you really stop yes. Che: Steupzz forget allyuh boy dan.I going home. That why allyuh not going to win anything. (Che walks off very angrily talking to himself and kicking the floor. ) Mr. Mac: OK. Enough with that petty squabble. Here is my card, (He hands Kerry the card) and you can call me to register the n ames of the players you have chosen. I have some more pressing matters to attend to so my time is short. Good Bye for now. (Mr. Mac makes his departure and the boys go back to play football. ) Scene 3 The team they carried to the tournament won it and some of the players were scouted for Pro League teams.They all came out to have their evening sweat a week after for the first time since the tournament. They sent Keevyn to call out the rest of players. Keevyn: Che! Che! Afternoon! Sweat boi. (Che walks outside to his gate) Che: Nah boi, me and football is not no friend again. I realize allyuh men was talking sense last time so forget it. Keevyn: (laughs softly) You serious dan. Waheva dawgie you do your ting. Che: Yea boi allyuh is rel fake friend. (Che walks back inside his house while Keevyn rides away to call out the rest of the players. (Keevyn reaches the field already sweating to meet some of the guys juggling the ball. ) Keevyn: Eh allyuh know d youth man really stop play foot ball. Jody: Who are you talking about? Keevyn: Che boi! D man say we was telling d truth when Mr. Mac was here. So he really stops play football. Kerry: (With a puzzled look on his face) Hmm. He cyah be serious. Waheva yes. Forget bout he. If he cyah take talk, football is really not for him. Jody: So are we going to stand and talk for the rest of the night or play football? Everyone realizes then run unto the field to begin the match. ) ANALYTICAL This analysis is written to show the different aspects of communication. The genre of work that would be analyzed is a dramatic piece. The aspects of communication that would ensure a proper analysis are the registers used and the dialectal variations exhibited. The reflective was written to give off a comedic effect to try to keep the intended audience alert and not bore them, but also put across the points that were needed to show them situation at hand.It was also written presupposing that the readers have encountered or will encounter experiences to which they can relate and base their discernment upon the devices employed in the piece. Throughout the piece, an informal register was used amongst the youths of the neighborhood. This can be shown because of the types of slangs used. Register is the kind of language used that is appropriate to a particular context or situation. For example â€Å"Wah going on fellas? Wats d vybz? † This type of language was used because of how they have been friends for a great period of time and that they play football together.However, a more formal tone is exchanged between Mr. Mac and the youths, e. g. â€Å": Youths Come! Come! May I have a few seconds of your playing time? †. This level of formality is due to the fact that Mr. Mac was meeting them for the first time. Mr. Mac and Jody are the only two characters who spoke Standard English and applying the acrolect variation. Mr. Mac’s use of the language may have been because of his social status or that he wanted to sound as if he actually does have status to promote his tournament. It may have also been because he was well educated.Jody, however, may have just grown up in an environment where the language he speaks is favored more, seeing that he speaks the language even in an informal setting. The rest of the characters spoke a more basilect variation of the language. This may have been because of the setting and that they are comfortable with the language they speak or that they came from a lower class. Many of the youth’s speech contained typical creole structure such as the replacement of the ‘th’ with the ‘d’ as shown in the example â€Å"Eh allyuh know d youth man.. †.

The nuclear family is disintegrating

IntroductionThe nuclear family has been described as an artificial construct of the nuclear age by some people. These people give more credit to the more traditional extended family. (Uzoka, 1979) However, in the present age, all the talks about family disintegration are directed to the nuclear family. The term nuclear family was instituted in the western world for the purposes of distinguishing the various family groups that are in existence. (Gottlieb, 1993)   There is a family group which consists of children and their parents that is, father, mother and children. This is what is referred to as the nuclear family. Then there is a different family structure composed of father, mother, children and relatives. This kind of a family structure is referred to as the extended family. (Bernardes, 1999)Nuclear family structures are not so new. They have been present since time immemorial even though the structures did not have a definite name. The term Nuclear family was coined in 1947 a ccording to Merriam-Webster. Webster suggested that the term must have come up due to the ever changing nature of the industrial age. He thought that the evolution of the name was coincidental and that it did not come as a result of the nuclear age. Is the Nuclear family an artificial construct which has no benefit to an individual?   Originally, the nuclear family was referred to as the immediate family. (Uzoka, 1979)According to research carried out, the term nuclear was coined from ‘nucleus’ which has been known to serve as theoretical root word meaning a centre of a large structure. It has also been said that historically, the nuclear family did not have the dominance that it has been accorded in the nuclear age. Post WWII environment has been implicated for enhancing the dominance of the nuclear family by shifting the family structure. It is important to carry out a study of how sociological factors have played a role in the disintegration of the nuclear family. (Chester, 1986)Disintegration of the Nuclear familyA lot of people have been affected by the breakdown of the nuclear family structure. This issue has made many people upset as it has been a source of problems and destructions to majority of people in the nuclear age. The nuclear family is the smallest possible unit that is considered before any breakdown in a family structured is considered. (Uzoka, 1979).   The nuclear family is not something artificial and it should be considered as anyone’s most vital and first social group. The nuclear family is a natural structure found in any social group whether big or small. (Gottlieb, 1993)An American anthropologist G.P. Murdock was the first sociologist to attest the Nuclear family as a social structure in 1949. (Murdock, 1949). According to many sociologists, the family nucleus found in the new transitory nature of American Society in the 1940s was described as a grounding unit that could easily be picked up and transplanted. Nu clear family disintegration has not only affected the American society, this issue has had a huge blow on most countries in the world.Sociological pressures have been implicated to play a major role in the disintegration. A lot of people try to diminish the anguish that comes as a result of disintegration in the nuclear family by instigating that this structure replaced the disintegrated extended family. The only cause of concern is whether the structure which will replace the nuclear family will be better or worse than it. (Taylor, 1997). Therefore, the contemporary society should be prepared of the sociological effects that the new family unit will bring with it. (Chester, 1986)Sociological Theories on Nuclear family disintegrationThe nuclear family has deeply been analyzed since the early nineteenth century with respect to various disciplines which include: Psychiatry, Cultural, Anthropology, Psychology and Sociology. Family Sociology can be attributed to have played a huge role in carrying out studies on family change since the twentieth Century. Parsons’ theory had the most influential power on the family structure at the time. (Parsons, 1955). There are various theories that have been put forward to explain disintegration in the nuclear family and emphasize on the adaptive elements that the family structure has to undergo. Many Western sociologist interchange the term ‘family’ with ‘nuclear family’. (Gottlieb, 1993)The disintegration of the nuclear family has led to the emergence of one-parent families which include: widowed, adoptive, divorced, unmarried people and also same sex families. Because these groups sought to be recognized as a family unit, a sociologist known as Popenoe in 1988 revised the definition of a family to incorporate the groups. He played a part in influencing a debate on the definition of a family. He suggested that a family should also describe:Any group consisting of one adult and one dependent pe rson People married who are of the same sex. A couple which is not married. (Solly, 2006)The definition of a nuclear family has to include its functions as a social institution. (Taylor, 1997).   According to Murdock, the functions of this social institution include: economic, reproductive, sexual and educational. With the new science of sociology, analysis of the disintegration of the nuclear family became possible. Auguste Comte who was thought by many to be the father of sociology thought disintegration of the nuclear family came as result of French revolution. (Murdock, 1949).Auguste attributes the rejection of aristocratic and hierarchical relations between the common people and the aristocracy as the main cause of family dysfunctions. His theory of attributing social changes to nuclear family disintegration and crisis has become a major subject in family sociology. Frederic Le Play who was the founder of empirical family sociology perceived the breakdown of the nuclear famil y as a result of industrial revolution. His sociological theory describes the stem family as being stronger than the Nuclear family which was separated from stem family and suffer red both physically and financially. He concluded by saying that the nuclear family is very unstable and that its disintegration was inevitable. (Taylor, 1997).According to Popenoe, the breakdown of the nuclear family could have been caused by Promiscuity in the society which made paternity issues difficult to establish. However, other sociologists like Howard and Westermarck found no clear evidence of promiscuity in early families. Marx and Engels influenced a major family theory in the nineteenth century. Marxist theory uses the economic determinism concept to explain how social power is determined by the available economic resources which influences the different kinds of struggle present in the various classes of people. (Parsons, 1955).The patriarchal family which had the father as having the right to private property and authority overshadowed the matriarchal system. The dissolution of capitalistic system led to the liberation of women which saw to it that they also had the ability to acquire and possess wealth. The result was the formation of strong feminist theories regarding gender differences in power that has contributed to the many divorces in the society. Women now have the ability to take care of their own children without the presence of a male figure in the house. This has largely contributed to disintegration of the nuclear family.  Sociological factors are thought to have been the cause of nuclear family disintegrations in Western countries like Canada, Northern Europe and United States. (Solly, 2006)The interactionist theory developed by Ralph Linton focuses on the interactions that occur between family members. Any nuclear family can be studied as a unit of interacting personalities. In the course of carrying out research on the interaction theory, the power in family roles was also studied. This theory explains that the disintegration of the nuclear family could have resulted from bad interactions within the family. For instance, a husband could exercise too much power in the family likely to send his wife away. (Taylor, 1997).A lot of controversy has resulted due to industrialization with women fighting for change of roles within a family setting. Although this move on the part of the women seems to be right, it has been established that single-parent families are not the best. Juvenile delinquency has risen due to the disintegrations in the nuclear family. The absence of the father figure and the ability to spend less time at home, transform children into delinquents. Industrialization has also led to many people dying due to accidents on roads, and places of work. This has increased the number of widowed people hence the nuclear family disintegration. (Patrick, 1995)The Social Darwin’s evolutionary theory has been applied to the family setting. The theory talks about the adaptation of organisms into their natural environments. The family has been compared to an organism which has to adapt to its natural environment if it is to survive from breaking up. Using this theory, Henry Morgan tried to explain the evolutionary development of family through six stages. The first one being the matriarchal stage characterized by promiscuity while the last being the monogamous family.The nuclear family has not been able to adapt to the increased industrialization, civilization and urbanization. There are many challenges that the nuclear family is frequently exposed to. For instance, industrialization and civilization have influenced the roles played by parents in the nuclear family. As a result, disputes have occurred leading to the disintegration of the nuclear family. (Eby, 1995)Morgan in trying to fathom this theory decided that since evolution results in higher development of species, then environmental and social e volution could result in higher development of the family. Extended family evolved to form nuclear family and it is hoped that evolution will lead to the disintegration and evolution of the nuclear family to come up with a unit that will be able to adapt to the current environment. Civilized nations such as North America and Europe have recorded the highest nuclear family disintegrations due to the extensive industrialization present in the nations.Studies reveal that nations considered to be ‘primitive’ such as Africa, have most of their nuclear families still intact. Spencer, who is Pro- Social Darwinism, has attempted to explain the evolution of the family from simple to complex forms. However his explanations were not in line with Engels, Marx and Le Play family sociologists who described the family to be evolving from more complex forms such as the extended family to simpler forms like the nuclear family. If the theory holds, then it is expected that the nuclear fa mily will further disintegrate and evolve into a simpler form. (Betty, 1973)  Structural-functionalism concept was put across by Spencer in trying to explain family theory of change. This theory or concept was further supported by Durkheim and it was seen to form a basis of Parsons’ theory of family change.This theory attributed the changes in the family structure to be as a result of changes in the society. The family was seen as a part of a greater whole which established equilibrium when it was properly combined to other relevant units. When a change occurred in one of the units, then it was transferred to the other parts. It was then decided that changes in the society could have a greater impact on the family as compared to the biological and economic factors in the Social Darwinism and Marxist theory.Durkheim found out that the change in the family structure influenced the relationships between parents and their children. In that the relationship ceases to be based on economic or material needs but on personal motives. In the changing society, women are very liberated that they do not need financial assistance from their partners. The nuclear family is disintegrating and this is shown by the great number of reported divorces and separations in the society. (Betty, 1973)The evolutionary theory was not accepted by many cultural anthropologists as it did not incorporate variations present in many family types due to different cultural contexts in the society. Instead they came up with cultural relativism concept which they thought should be employed in the study of the family evolution. They did not think that it was right to consider other cultures to be more superior or civilized than others. Thy made it clear that each society has unique values and culture which should not be compared with another. This theory was dismissed all together by the end of the nineteenth century.However, the theory popped up again in 1930 in a different form as Ecolog ical Anthropology. This theory emphasized on the relationship that exists between the environment and traits of a particular culture. The nuclear family is rapidly disintegrating due to the changes in the environment in terms of industrialization and urbanization. (Eby, 1995)ConclusionThe nuclear family is the first social group that one has to belong to. Due to the changes and developments that are taking place in the society, the stability of this family structure has been questioned. (Bernardes, 1999)  Industrialization and urbanization have been the reasons behind the emergence of other family structures caused by the breakdown of the nuclear family. There have been many cases of familial dysfunction and disintegration reported in more industrialized nations than in ‘primitive’ nations which prove the social Darwinism theory. (Eby, 1995)   According to Marx, family structures are bound to change from being complex to simple forms. Therefore, it is expected that the nuclear family will further disintegrate to form simple family structures such as single-parent families, divorces, widowers, and single people unmarried people. (Betty, 1973)ReferencesBernardes, J. (1999): We must now define The Family. Marriage and Family Review 28(3/4):21–41.Chester, R. (1986): The Myth of the Disappearing Nuclear Family. In Family Portraits, ed. D., Short Run Press, Ltd.UKGottlieb, B. (1993): The Family in the Western World. New York: Oxford.Murdock, G. P. (1949): Social Structure. New York. Macmillan.Parsons, T. (1955): The American Family. Its Relations to Personality and the Social Structure. In Family Socialization and Interaction Process, ed. Free Press. New YorkUzoka, A. (1979): The Myth of the Nuclear Family. Historical Background and Clinical Implications. American Psychologist 34. Pp1095–1106.Peplau & Taylor, (1997): Sociocultural perspectives in social psychology. Guide to sociocultural resources in social psychology. Melbourne press. New YorkBetty Y. (1973): Extinction. Revised ed. of The Changing Family. Columbia University press. New York  Solly D. (2006): The family on the threshold of the 21st century. Trends and Implications. Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication DataEby, L. (1995): Where's Daddy: Nearly Half the Nation's Children Are Growing Up In Homes Without Fathers. Prentice press. New York.Fagan & Patrick F. (1995): The Real Root Causes of Violent Crimes. The Breakdown of Marriage, Family and Community Cultural Studies Project. The Heritage Foundation. Washington, D.C. No. 1026. The nuclear family is disintegrating The nuclear family has been described as an artificial construct of the nuclear age by some people. These people give more credit to the more traditional extended family. (Uzoka, 1979) However, in the present age, all the talks about family disintegration are directed to the nuclear family. The term nuclear family was instituted in the western world for the purposes of distinguishing the various family groups that are in existence. (Gottlieb, 1993)   There is a family group which consists of children and their parents that is, father, mother and children. This is what is referred to as the nuclear family. Then there is a different family structure composed of father, mother, children and relatives. This kind of a family structure is referred to as the extended family. (Bernardes, 1999)Nuclear family structures are not so new. They have been present since time immemorial even though the structures did not have a definite name. The term Nuclear family was coined in 1947 according to Merriam-Webster. Webster suggested that the term must have come up due to the ever changing nature of the industrial age. He thought that the evolution of the name was coincidental and that it did not come as a result of the nuclear age. Is the Nuclear family an artificial construct which has no benefit to an individual?   Originally, the nuclear family was referred to as the immediate family.(Uzoka, 1979)   According to research carried out, the term nuclear was coined from ‘nucleus’ which has been known to serve as theoretical root word meaning a centre of a large structure. It has also been said that historically, the nuclear family did not have the dominance that it has been accorded in the nuclear age. Post WWII environment has been implicated for enhancing the dominance of the nuclear family by shifting the family structure. It is important to carry out a study of how sociological factors have played a role in the disintegration of the nuclear family. (Chester , 1986)Disintegration of the Nuclear familyA lot of people have been affected by the breakdown of the nuclear family structure. This issue has made many people upset as it has been a source of problems and destructions to majority of people in the nuclear age. The nuclear family is the smallest possible unit that is considered before any breakdown in a family structured is considered. (Uzoka, 1979).   The nuclear family is not something artificial and it should be considered as anyone’s most vital and first social group. The nuclear family is a natural structure found in any social group whether big or small. (Gottlieb, 1993)  An American anthropologist G.P. Murdock was the first sociologist to attest the Nuclear family as a social structure in 1949. (Murdock, 1949). According to many sociologists, the family nucleus found in the new transitory nature of American Society in the 1940s was described as a grounding unit that could easily be picked up and transplanted. Nuclea r family disintegration has not only affected the American society, this issue has had a huge blow on most countries in the world. Sociological pressures have been implicated to play a major role in the disintegration.A lot of people try to diminish the anguish that comes as a result of disintegration in the nuclear family by instigating that this structure replaced the disintegrated extended family. The only cause of concern is whether the structure which will replace the nuclear family will be better or worse than it. (Taylor, 1997). Therefore, the contemporary society should be prepared of the sociological effects that the new family unit will bring with it. (Chester, 1986)Sociological Theories on Nuclear family disintegrationThe nuclear family has deeply been analyzed since the early nineteenth century with respect to various disciplines which include: Psychiatry, Cultural, Anthropology, Psychology and Sociology. Family Sociology can be attributed to have played a huge role in c arrying out studies on family change since the twentieth Century. Parsons’ theory had the most influential power on the family structure at the time. (Parsons, 1955). There are various theories that have been put forward to explain disintegration in the nuclear family and emphasize on the adaptive elements that the family structure has to undergo. Many Western sociologist interchange the term ‘family’ with ‘nuclear family’. (Gottlieb, 1993)  The disintegration of the nuclear family has led to the emergence of one-parent families which include: widowed, adoptive, divorced, unmarried people and also same sex families. Because these groups sought to be recognized as a family unit, a sociologist known as Popenoe in 1988 revised the definition of a family to incorporate the groups. He played a part in influencing a debate on the definition of a family. He suggested that a family should also describe:Any group consisting of one adult and one dependent pe rson People married who are of the same sex. A couple which is not married. (Solly, 2006) The definition of a nuclear family has to include its functions as a social institution. (Taylor, 1997).   According to Murdock, the functions of this social institution include: economic, reproductive, sexual and educational. With the new science of sociology, analysis of the disintegration of the nuclear family became possible. Auguste Comte who was thought by many to be the father of sociology thought disintegration of the nuclear family came as result of French revolution. (Murdock, 1949).  Auguste attributes the rejection of aristocratic and hierarchical relations between the common people and the aristocracy as the main cause of family dysfunctions. His theory of attributing social changes to nuclear family disintegration and crisis has become a major subject in family sociology. Frederic Le Play who was the founder of empirical family sociology perceived the breakdown of the nuclear family as a result of industrial revolution. His sociological theory describes the stem family as being stronger than the Nuclear family which was separated from stem family and suffer red both physically and financially. He concluded by saying that the nuclear family is very unstable and that its disintegration was inevitable. (Taylor, 1997).According to Popenoe, the breakdown of the nuclear family could have been caused by Promiscuity in the society which made paternity issues difficult to establish. However, other sociologists like Howard and Westermarck found no clear evidence of promiscuity in early families. Marx and Engels influenced a major family theory in the nineteenth century. Marxist theory uses the economic determinism concept to explain how social power is determined by the available economic resources which influences the different kinds of struggle present in the various classes of people. (Parsons, 1955).The patriarchal family which had the father as having the rig ht to private property and authority overshadowed the matriarchal system. The dissolution of capitalistic system led to the liberation of women which saw to it that they also had the ability to acquire and possess wealth. The result was the formation of strong feminist theories regarding gender differences in power that has contributed to the many divorces in the society. Women now have the ability to take care of their own children without the presence of a male figure in the house. This has largely contributed to disintegration of the nuclear family.Sociological factors are thought to have been the cause of nuclear family disintegrations in Western countries like Canada, Northern Europe and United States. (Solly, 2006)The interactionist theory developed by Ralph Linton focuses on the interactions that occur between family members. Any nuclear family can be studied as a unit of interacting personalities. In the course of carrying out research on the interaction theory, the power in family roles was also studied. This theory explains that the disintegration of the nuclear family could have resulted from bad interactions within the family. For instance, a husband could exercise too much power in the family likely to send his wife away. (Taylor, 1997).A lot of controversy has resulted due to industrialization with women fighting for change of roles within a family setting. Although this move on the part of the women seems to be right, it has been established that single-parent families are not the best. Juvenile delinquency has risen due to the disintegrations in the nuclear family. The absence of the father figure and the ability to spend less time at home, transform children into delinquents. Industrialization has also led to many people dying due to accidents on roads, and places of work. This has increased the number of widowed people hence the nuclear family disintegration. (Patrick, 1995)The Social Darwin’s evolutionary theory has been applied to th e family setting. The theory talks about the adaptation of organisms into their natural environments. The family has been compared to an organism which has to adapt to its natural environment if it is to survive from breaking up. Using this theory, Henry Morgan tried to explain the evolutionary development of family through six stages. The first one being the matriarchal stage characterized by promiscuity while the last being the monogamous family. The nuclear family has not been able to adapt to the increased industrialization, civilization and urbanization. There are many challenges that the nuclear family is frequently exposed to. For instance, industrialization and civilization have influenced the roles played by parents in the nuclear family. As a result, disputes have occurred leading to the disintegration of the nuclear family. (Eby, 1995)Morgan in trying to fathom this theory decided that since evolution results in higher development of species, then environmental and social evolution could result in higher development of the family. Extended family evolved to form nuclear family and it is hoped that evolution will lead to the disintegration and evolution of the nuclear family to come up with a unit that will be able to adapt to the current environment. Civilized nations such as North America and Europe have recorded the highest nuclear family disintegrations due to the extensive industrialization present in the nations.Studies reveal that nations considered to be ‘primitive’ such as Africa, have most of their nuclear families still intact. Spencer, who is Pro- Social Darwinism, has attempted to explain the evolution of the family from simple to complex forms. However his explanations were not in line with Engels, Marx and Le Play family sociologists who described the family to be evolving from more complex forms such as the extended family to simpler forms like the nuclear family. If the theory holds, then it is expected that the nuclear family will further disintegrate and evolve into a simpler form. (Betty, 1973)Structural-functionalism concept was put across by Spencer in trying to explain family theory of change. This theory or concept was further supported by Durkheim and it was seen to form a basis of Parsons’ theory of family change.  This theory attributed the changes in the family structure to be as a result of changes in the society. The family was seen as a part of a greater whole which established equilibrium when it was properly combined to other relevant units. When a change occurred in one of the units, then it was transferred to the other parts. It was then decided that changes in the society could have a greater impact on the family as compared to the biological and economic factors in the Social Darwinism and Marxist theory. Durkheim found out that the change in the family structure influenced the relationships between parents and their children. In that the relationship ceases to be based on economic or material needs but on personal motives. In the changing society, women are very liberated that they do not need financial assistance from their partners. The nuclear family is disintegrating and this is shown by the great number of reported divorces and separations in the society. (Betty, 1973)The evolutionary theory was not accepted by many cultural anthropologists as it did not incorporate variations present in many family types due to different cultural contexts in the society. Instead they came up with cultural relativism concept which they thought should be employed in the study of the family evolution. They did not think that it was right to consider other cultures to be more superior or civilized than others. Thy made it clear that each society has unique values and culture which should not be compared with another. This theory was dismissed all together by the end of the nineteenth century.However, the theory popped up again in 1930 in a different form as Eco logical Anthropology. This theory emphasized on the relationship that exists between the environment and traits of a particular culture. The nuclear family is rapidly disintegrating due to the changes in the environment in terms of industrialization and urbanization. (Eby, 1995)ConclusionThe nuclear family is the first social group that one has to belong to. Due to the changes and developments that are taking place in the society, the stability of this family structure has been questioned. (Bernardes, 1999)  Industrialization and urbanization have been the reasons behind the emergence of other family structures caused by the breakdown of the nuclear family. There have been many cases of familial dysfunction and disintegration reported in more industrialized nations than in ‘primitive’ nations which prove the social Darwinism theory. (Eby, 1995)   According to Marx, family structures are bound to change from being complex to simple forms. Therefore, it is expected th at the nuclear family will further disintegrate to form simple family structures such as single-parent families, divorces, widowers, and single people unmarried people. (Betty, 1973)ReferencesBernardes, J. (1999): We must now define The Family. Marriage and Family Review 28(3/4):21–41.Chester, R. (1986): The Myth of the Disappearing Nuclear Family. In Family Portraits, ed. D., Short Run Press, Ltd.UKGottlieb, B. (1993): The Family in the Western World. New York: Oxford.Murdock, G. P. (1949): Social Structure. New York. Macmillan.Parsons, T. (1955): The American Family. Its Relations to Personality and the Social Structure. In Family Socialization and Interaction Process, ed. Free Press. New YorkUzoka, A. (1979): The Myth of the Nuclear Family. Historical Background and Clinical Implications. American Psychologist 34. Pp1095–1106.Peplau & Taylor, (1997): Sociocultural perspectives in social psychology. Guide to sociocultural resources in social psychology. Melbourne pre ss. New YorkBetty Y. (1973): Extinction. Revised ed. of The Changing Family. Columbia University press. New York  Solly D. (2006): The family on the threshold of the 21st century. Trends and Implications. Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication DataEby, L. (1995): Where's Daddy: Nearly Half the Nation's Children Are Growing Up In Homes Without Fathers. Prentice press. New York.Fagan & Patrick F. (1995): The Real Root Causes of Violent Crimes. The Breakdown of Marriage, Family and Community Cultural Studies Project. The Heritage Foundation. Washington, D.C. No. 1026.

Constitutional Law Essay

Constitutional Law May be deemed elusive and immaterial when the constitutions in Consideration are either dead, hogwash and unrealistic. Critically analyze the above statement using relevant case law and statutory provisions. In looking at the above statement, I will attempt to define constitution, Constitution Law and constitutionalism and try to look into how the governments of the world especially Africa and the West, more specifically Kenya and the United states of America have tried to uphold constitutionalism and on the other hand how lack of it has brought the disregard of the constitutions by in most cases, the ruling elites and hence the statement† Constitutional Law May be deemed elusive and immaterial when the constitutions in Consideration are either dead, hogwash and unrealistic†. A constitution is a set of laws either written or unwritten that govern the relationship between the different organs of a government that is the Executive, Judiciary and the Legislature and the relationship between the government and the governed in a given state or country. This is the supreme law of any given state. Constitutional Law is that branch of law that governs and guides constitutional interpretation and implementation as well as sets down the relationship between different entities of a state namely the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. It is essentially a body of law derived from a country’s written constitution that lays down and guides the duties and powers of the government, and the duties and rights of its citizens and residents. All States can be said to have some form of norm that governs the relationship between the arms of the government and a government and its people, however the problem comes in in implementation of the said norms.

Improving organisational and employee performance Essay

Improving organisational and employee performance - Essay Example In order to improve an organisation’s performance, this must occur at both the organisational level and employee levels. At an organisational level, there is adoption of SHRM. SHRM deals with ensuring integration of HR strategy to the corporate one by maintaining competence of their workers to attain a competitive edge in the business environment. SHRM process encompasses coming up with a mission; carrying a close study of the environment and developing a strategy, executing it and gauging its success. From the foregoing, strategies have their formulation at different levels, which may be corporate, business or even functional. SHRM Models involve first, the business oriented one that concentrates on those functions which attain strategic advantage for a firm. The other is the strategic-fit supposed to align any given entity’s strategy to that of the business. We also have the SLAP Model that advocates for interdependence of the business, corporate as well as HR strateg ies. Therefore, an approach to SHRM may be Instrumental, Humanistic or even universalistic. Moreover, a well implemented SHRM concept can yield such advantages as attaining competitive advantage as well as bring coordination for an organisation. However, there are factors known to limit proper SHRM implementation, for instance, fear that it may fail or encounter rejection from employees because it encompasses varied changes. Secondly, managing performance may be done at an employee level by carrying out proper appraisals and ensuring that they are engaged and motivated. In order to have enhanced organisational and employee performances, it is mandatory for an organisation to adopt the best practices or concepts available. Performance management is accorded to Human Resource Managers (HRMs) who must ensure that their employees have the required competencies hence earning an

Qualities that make an ideal friend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Qualities that make an ideal friend - Essay Example He would go the extra mile to make sure that we remain contented and satisfied with things that are happening with us. An ideal friend would take our family as theirs and thus would easily come in and go out of our house as and when needed. This ideal friend would not mind asking us what we have on our mind and secretly solve our problems. This ideal friend would give us company whenever we need it the most. This would mean that he would give his shoulder whenever we are down and hug us when we get heart-broken. This ideal friend would also help us financially when we go through a credit crunch. He would interact with our problems in such a way that problems will start getting solved in a quick manner. (Author Unknown, 2008) His linkage with our lives is immensely significant since the ideal friend is ideal for the very same reason. This ideal friend will capture our hearts with his humor and wit and would not less us get bored whenever we need good company and a lift from our social and professional problems. An ideal friend keeps people happy with him and does not indulge in useless gossip. He concerns his own self with the betterment of his own personality as well as of his friends. He concentrates on the aspect of ‘giving’ more than anything else. He is humble and remains very polite at the best of times. He does not give into pressure which is exerted upon his personality every now and so often. Indeed an ideal friend is ideal in all facets of life. In the end, an ideal friend possesses so many qualities that it seems pretty hard to list down all of them. Most of these qualities do not exist in one such person to which we can remark as being the most ideal one possible. Hence there is enough reason that there is no ideal friend in this world for us. We forget that we also have to become an ideal friend for an individual so that he could become as such. But then again